Sahih
Muslim no. 3433, Book no. 20, The Book of Government (Kitab al-Imaarah),
Chapter 12 : Obedience to be shown to the (Callips) even if they withhold the
people’s due rights.
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى وَمُحَمَّدُ
بْنُ بَشَّارٍ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ عَنْ
سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ عَنْ عَلْقَمَةَ بْنِ وَائِلٍ الْحَضْرَمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ سَأَلَ سَلَمَةُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ الْجُعْفِيُّ
رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ أَرَأَيْتَ
إِنْ قَامَتْ عَلَيْنَا أُمَرَاءُ يَسْأَلُونَا حَقَّهُمْ وَيَمْنَعُونَا حَقَّنَا
فَمَا تَأْمُرُنَا فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ فَأَعْرَضَ عَنْهُ ثُمَّ سَأَلَهُ
فِي الثَّانِيَةِ أَوْ فِي الثَّالِثَةِ فَجَذَبَهُ الْأَشْعَثُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ وَقَالَ
اسْمَعُوا وَأَطِيعُوا فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْهِمْ مَا حُمِّلُوا وَعَلَيْكُمْ مَا حُمِّلْتُمْ
1. Translation
Narrated Muhammad al-Mutsanna
and Muhammad bin Basyyar, Narrated Muhammad bin Ja’far, Narrated Syu’bah from
Simak bin Harb from ‘Alqomah bin Wail al-Hadlramy from his father, he said :
Salamah bin Yazid al-Ju’fy asked to Rasulullah ( May peace be upon him ) : O
Apostle of Allah, what do you think if we have rulers who rule over us and
demand that we discharge our obligations toward them, but they ( themselves )
don’t discharge their own responsibilities toward us ?. What do you order us to
do ? The messenger of Allah avoided giving any answer. Salamah asked him again.
He ( again ) avoided giving any answer.Then he asked – again it was the second
or third times when Asy’ats bin Qais ( finding that the holly prophet was
unnecessarily being pressed for answer ) pulled him aside and said : listen to
them and obey them, for on them he their burdon and on you shall be your
burdon.
2. Takhrij Hadits
NO
|
Book
|
Number
|
Part
|
1
|
Sunan
Tirmidzy
|
2120
|
Kitab
al-Fitan
|
3.
Authenicity of Hadits
Generally, the quality of the hadith is sahih based
on the research on the mawsu’ah hadits Syarif as viewed at the sanad
scheme above. All the transmitter are “ established “ to give the sahih level
on the hadits. All the transmitters of the hadits are 9 person. It just found two similiar
content in Kutub Tis’ah, at Sahih Muslim and Sunan Tirmidzy.
4. A Simple Study of The Hadits
a. About
Language Aspect
There is something
interesting about the Prophet answer. He
used the command style ( sighat amr ) :
اسْمَعُوا وَأَطِيعُوا which
means : listen
to them and obey them.. !. As
the common discourse among the Ulama Ushul, that that style can be
interpreted by several ideas of command. And than, there was style of
linguistic of the content that represented the Ikhtishas / Ihtimam, or
style of profound interest,
فَإِنَّمَا
عَلَيْهِمْ مَا حُمِّلُوا وَعَلَيْكُمْ مَا حُمِّلْتُمْ
b. Historical
Aspect
Through the simple
view, we find out that the hadits tell us about the companion question (
Salamah bin Yazid ) to the Prophet about one thing which perhaps it can be our
current issues right now, the question is about how to face the dispotic
government. For about three times, the prophet was avoid to give any answer.
For any reason why did the prophet avoid to answer during three times, we can’t
find it out, ‘till the prophet finally give the answer. It seems there was
something beyonce the question that has make the prophet like that. One high
point of the content of the hadits that our holly Prophet was “ suggest “ us to
be patient at the tyranny of the government and their undue preferences.
c. Study of The
Hadits Content ( Matan ) : a Social Approach
The one and only
major issue that is described in the hadits above is about despotic government
and society attitude ; what should they do ?. As we know, that relation between
government and society is just the matter of social rules, where the government
must discharge their responsibility, as the society discharge their
obligations. All the governors – in islamic term – are burdened the amanah (
anything entrusted to us ) and prohibited to missapropriate that ( al-Anfal :
27 ) :
يَا أَيُّهَا
الَّذِينَ آَمَنُوا لَا تَخُونُوا اللَّهَ وَالرَّسُولَ وَتَخُونُوا أَمَانَاتِكُمْ
وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ
In that
case, when the ruler that has entrusted
to rule one society is breaking the rules, such as a corruption, money
politics, apatism over the proverty, etc, its automatically be the serious
problem, what should people do ?. At
least, there are only two big options : move or just stay down ?. The holly
prophet at the hadits above was suggest us to be patient at this situation and
keep on listen and obey them.
But, does the hadits above be in contradiction with such
another hadits that assertively prohibited us to the rulers on the violation of
God’s law ( maksiat ) ?. Such as a one hadits below : ( Bukhari : 2735 )
السَّمْعُ وَالطَّاعَةُ حَقٌّ مَا لَمْ يُؤْمَرْ
بِالْمَعْصِيَةِ فَإِذَا أُمِرَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ فَلَا سَمْعَ وَلَا طَاعَةَ
If we keep our investigation
deeply about that, we found out that there’s no contradiction at all. The main point
at our hadits above is just about the attitude of the governnment that cannot
be able to discharge their responsibility. In this situation, we keep on listen
and obey them “ just in the good thing “ and try to give some advice to them
with the good way. In second situation, the government has command us to doing
some violation of God’s law. In this case, there’s no listen after all. This
one can help us to get it clearly : ( Sahih Muslim : 3423 )
قَالَ عَلَى الْمَرْءِ الْمُسْلِمِ
السَّمْعُ وَالطَّاعَةُ فِيمَا أَحَبَّ وَكَرِهَ إِلَّا أَنْ يُؤْمَرَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ
فَإِنْ أُمِرَ بِمَعْصِيَةٍ فَلَا سَمْعَ وَلَا طَاعَةَ
So,
we’d like to say that the brutal-demonstration or revolution is not a part of
Islamic way of problem solving. In this situation as we know, revolution just
add the new problem, not solve the problem. So, what should we do to remind our
government. Our holly prophet said : ( Musnad Ahmad : 14792 )
يَقُولُ
مَنْ أَرَادَ أَنْ يَنْصَحَ لِسُلْطَانٍ بِأَمْرٍ فَلَا يُبْدِ لَهُ عَلَانِيَةً وَلَكِنْ
لِيَأْخُذْ بِيَدِهِ فَيَخْلُوَ بِهِ فَإِنْ قَبِلَ مِنْهُ فَذَاكَ وَإِلَّا كَانَ
قَدْ أَدَّى الَّذِي عَلَيْهِ لَهُ
Anyone who would
like to advise sultan (ruler of the Muslims) about the case, then do it openly.
However, let him take her hand in solitude (to convey the advice). When the
sultan was going to hear this advice, then it's the best. And when the sultan
was reluctant (not willing to accept), then indeed he (the counsel) had to
perform its obligations.
It’s pretty enough
to describe how Islam appreciate the piece. Why our holly prophet doesn’t
suggest to revolution dirrectly ?. Because our Islam is not like jungle law in
the name of justice, the strong is the winner, all based on strength. As long
as possible, soft approach is must be a priority than the violance attracting.
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